Willingham, Daniel, is a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia and who is well- known for his study to work on learning and education. This source is a fiction from a Newpaper. The author’s purpose for writing “Is listening to a book the same thing as reading it”. Because it informs readers that it shows the key differences on pros & cons between reading a physical book and listening to an audio book also acknowledging the fact that people have their own side on whether reading a physical book is better on hand or listening to audio book on hearing. The key point Willingham Daniels is trying to make is he points out that there are different experiences between the two and that reading a physical book “we can focus, we slow down. We reread the hard bits. We stop and think. Each is easier with print than with a podcast”. Explaining that it may encourage more conductive deeper participations and learning. However, both sides can be effective depending on which one fits you the most. 

     Turkle Sherry is a Ph.D. professor at the Massachusetts Insititute of technology. She had been featured in major media outlets that works for influential and public discussions of Technolgy. This source is fiction, and she is an expert interview more of directly engaging with people and technology not only that she has books “In her books like alone together and reclaiming conversations” Turkle combines scholarly research with observations from her own studies and expert interviews, providing a comprehensive look at how technology influences human connection. The authors purpose for writing “The Assault on Empathy is because to argue a particular point and to persuade readers Sherry Turkle’s goal is to investigate the loss of empathy in the digital era, namely how social media and texting in particular may be harming our ability to socialize and deeply connect with people. She investigates how the speed, clarity, and occasionally abstracted nature of digital communication prevent real human interaction and make it more difficult for individuals to sympathize with one another. The key points Turkle Sherry is trying to make is that digital communication, especially through social media, texting, and cellphones, affects our ability for empathy. She contends that the nature of broadcast and online contacts encourages unimportant, disjointed communication that is lack of the emotional complexity and value of in-person discussions. According to Turkle, this change in communication style is harming our ability to empathize, which is crucial for building deep connections and comprehending the emotional experiences of others.   

Handley lucy is journalist that works for the major outlet news which are for CNBC, The financial times, media & money. This source is fiction and majority of the source from her is the Newpapers. Which means she is a good fit for the article’s requirements of large population. The author’s purpose for writing “Physical books still outsell E-books” because to inform and primary argue for a particular point. Handley lucy Lucy Handley believes that due to their emotional, sensory, and social appeal, physical books still sell better than e-books. In terms of emotional connection, a sense of collectability, and the material feel of a book, physical books offer a better experience than digital ones, even though e-books are more convenient. Even with the popularity of e-books and audiobooks, many readers still cherish printed books. The key point Handley lucy is trying to make is that the article concludes that because of their mental, visual, and outgoing appeal, physical books continue to be the most popular format. Convenience aside, many readers still find that physical books provide a more interesting and personal experience due to a sense of collectability, and the special joy that gets from holding and reading a real book. 

Alexander alter and Elizabath A. Harris is also a journalist known for their reporting on books, publishing, and literary trend. This source is fiction them both source mainly also comes from Newpaper journalism for the New York times’ website. The author’s purpose for writing “Some surprising, good news: bookstores are booming and becoming more diverse” because to inform and tell a story. Alexander alter and Elizabeth A. Harris mainly to educate and draw attention to favorable developments in the book industry. The article’s goal is to give readers a positive update on independent bookstores’ tenacity, especially in light of issues like the COVID-19 pandemic and the growth of online shopping. As a reflection of larger changes in society and an extension of their functions as community centers, the writers also highlight how bookstores are growing more diverse and shifted. The key points for Alexandra alter and Elizabath A. Harris is how sellers are becoming more welcoming and displaying books that represent a wider variety of voices, cultures, and viewpoints in addition to adjusting to shifting market realities. The writers emphasize the significance of bookstores in the larger cultural landscape by highlighting their function as community centers which encourage cultural exchange, education, and connection.